Wood Thrush Notes

Earliest Bluebird Nest with Eggs

Wood Thrush Shop team member, Jan, reported 5 Bluebird eggs in a nestbox at her home on Friday of this week.  Wow, that’s early!  This means the first egg was laid on the 4th of March and actual nest building was likely occurring in February, although Bluebirds have been known to sometimes build a nest in a day or two.  This is an eager pair of Bluebirds.  Jan had an early nesting last year, too. For most of us seeing Bluebirds nesting is still probably a couple of weeks away, if not longer.  Many Springs I haven’t seen a 1st Bluebird nesting in my yard until well into April.  Remember, they all do not start at the same time so there is no need to be concerned that you have done something wrong because you haven’t seen evidence of nesting yet.  And, there’s a lot of time still to present a new Bluebird box and have success this spring and summer.

Should I Offer Mealworms to Bluebirds?

Offering mealworms is not necessary to attract Bluebirds.  Offering a couple of nestboxes and birdbaths in good locations is the most important factor.  Insects, the primary food source of Bluebirds, are everywhere they travel, Bluebird boxes are not.  My advice is to start with the nestbox first.  At such time Bluebirds discover the nestbox and begin nest building, or even egg laying, and if you are interested in feeding this is a good time to start.  I think the following tips are the best way to begin feeding Bluebirds:

• I would not recommend presenting mealworms before Bluebirds have begun nesting.  You may just end up feeding other birds, which is ok, however, if you are presenting the worms near the nestbox birds like Robins, Mockingbirds, Jays, and Cardinals may become very territorial and aggressive about the free and easy food source.  These birds may swoop in and drive the Bluebirds from the nestbox. 

• Let’s say Bluebirds have built a nest and eggs are present.  How do you know?  Refer to our website and the Bluebird section about monitoring.  It is best to start by offering small amounts of worms, a dozen or so, and make sure the Bluebirds are near to see you place the worms in the feeder. My favorite feeder is a ceramic dish on a stand just 18” off the ground.  As feeders go simple is best, dishes and platforms.  If you feed Bluebirds the way we recommend you will not have to contend with larger birds becoming an issue and then need a specialized Bluebird feeder.  Now walk away and watch.  If the Bluebirds immediately pounce on and eat the worms offer another small helping to reinforce the process.  If they fly away remove the worms so other birds do not find them and try again later.  The goal is to establish you as the “keeper of the worms”.  Three or four successful feeding sessions and they will begin associating you with the treat.  Some people like to make a noise each time they offer worms so eventually Bluebirds will key in on the sound, like the Pavlov’s dogs experiment. I prefer silence because other birds are smart enough to key on the noise, too.

• Live mealworms are always more appealing than dried, no contest, especially in spring and summer months. In warm weather live insects are readily available so dried mealworms tend to be less appealing. 

Follow these tips and you will have a good Bluebird feeding experience.  And do not feel as if you must feed them several times a day, or be concerned if you go on vacation and they won’t get worms for a week.  Bluebirds know what they are doing and will not become dependent on the worms but only take advantage of them. 

Next Week.  When Should I Put out a Hummingbird Feeder?

Get Ready for Bluebirds Now

In the coming weeks we will be sharing information about Bluebirds.  We would like to address specific questions and concerns you may have that can then be shared with everyone.  If you have questions regarding Bluebirds please email us at thewoodthrushshop@gmail.com and we’ll provide answers in our weekly blog, or directly back to you in an email.    

Birds are beginning to sing and exhibit other courtship behaviors. The breeding season is fast approaching.  Eastern Bluebirds have already begun searching and competing for mates and potential nest-sites.  If you had planned on replacing an old nest box or moving one to a new location we suggest you do it now. And make it a point to clean out old nests now.  Old nests will not prevent a Bluebird from building a new nest on top, however, the old nest debris is by now decaying and damp and can be a home to insects, like ants, which can be of great harm to hatched chicks.   

Many of you in past weeks have seen multiple Bluebirds land on and look in nest boxes. (See video) In the video you will see classic courtship behaviors like wing fluttering. They may even carry some nest material to the box.  This is not actual nesting but all part of courtship and choosing a nest site which the female will eventually approve. 

Although most Bluebirds won’t begin their first nesting until early to mid-April, their search for nest sites will typically intensify in the last weeks of February and into March.  Some eager Bluebirds may begin nesting as early as mid-March.  

You may think you don’t have the right situation for Bluebirds because you’ve heard they have very specific needs for successful nesting.  The most common fallacy we here from people is “I hear they need wide open spaces”.  This is definitely not true.  In fact, a lot of what you hear about the needs of Bluebirds is very much over stated.  Bluebirds adapt very nicely to all kinds of situations including wooded yards.  If Bluebirds needed the “perfect setup” as described by the many articles you find on the internet they would be extinct by now. These perfect nest-sites generally never existed in nature and have only been determined by humans.

In fact, before people started putting out nest-boxes for Bluebirds they nested in natural cavities including ones in trees. Bluebirds are considered a secondary cavity nester which means they will not excavate a nest, like a woodpecker does, but use one that has already been created.  Once upon a time secondary cavities were in great supply but through habitat loss and competition Bluebirds were “forced” to adapt to birdhouses, or what we refer to as nest-boxes.  Using nest-boxes is an example of Bluebirds’ adaptability.   Offer a couple of nest-boxes in good locations and see what happens.  

 Here are a Few Tips to Choose a Location:

• Position the nest box adjacent to the most open location available in your yard.  Trees being around or close by are not a deterrent.

• Bluebirds are typically more sensitive to nesting near a lot of bird traffic, so it’s not recommended nest boxes be placed near bird feeders.  What’s a comfortable distance?  It’s impossible to be exact but we would suggest about 100 feet away, or out of sight of feeding stations. 

• You may have heard that nest boxes need to face east.  This is a good strategy to avoid prevailing weather patterns and rain but not at all necessary. My most successful box over the years faces northwest. 

• A Bluebird box does not need to be on a pole. The advantage of a pole is it allows you to position the box in the location you determine to be the best.  Our pole system for Bluebird boxes will put the box at 5’ high after installation (convenient for monitoring and maintenance) and allows for a baffle if you’ve had a history of raccoon or rat snake predation.  Bluebird boxes can be mounted on fences, and utility poles, and even outbuildings. The National Bluebird Society changed their opinion about tree mounting only a few years ago.   Obviously a tree is a more vulnerable location when considering predators.

• How many boxes can be offered in a typical yard situation?  There is no harm in offering lots of nest boxes (birdhouses) in your yard but do not expect them to all get used at the same time especially if they are close in proximity to one another.  In most cases backyard songbirds are too territorial to tolerate nesting close to one another, unless they are colony nesters like Purple Martins.  But feel free to decorate your yard with lots of birdhouses if that’s your thing.  Offering multiple nest-boxes is great and it does lessen the competition for a single box but do consider the nature of the species you are trying to attract and what kind of setting would be most appealing.

• We are often asked “when is a good time to put up a bluebird box”?   Every day is good.   However, it is a great time to do so in the next few weeks. The sooner they know the box is there the more likely they will consider using it this season.

Get busy now and have fun with attracting Bluebirds this spring and summer.

Wood Thrush Notes

Bluebirds getting busy

In the past two weeks I have witnessed Bluebirds landing on and looking in nestboxes around my yard. Some of you have reported the same thing. Even in very cold temperatures this is normal behavior for Bluebirds in February as they begin to show interest in potential nest sites. You may see a couple of males and a female, or a couple of females and a male arrive together and go through some of the motions of courtship: wing fluttering and maybe even putting a few sprigs of nest material in the box. None of this is with any intent to nest now but simply preparation for a couple of months from now. A few eager Bluebirds may begin nesting as early as mid-March; however, the vast majority will not begin in earnest until the mid to latter part of April. So, now is a great time to present a Bluebird box if you haven’t already. And if you were thinking about moving a nestbox because of lack of success for a few years now is a really good time to do so. Video of Bluebirds wing waving.

Don’t forget next weekend, February 16th-19th is the annual Great Backyard Bird Count. Simply count and record birds you see from any location. For more information and how to count and record the birds you see visit www.birdcount.org/participate/

Monitoring Bluebird Boxes

View fullsize

View fullsize

It’s great that so many people are interested in providing nest boxes for Bluebirds, and because of these efforts Bluebird populations are extremely robust. We encounter customers, though, that ask a lot of questions they would have the answer to if they just monitored the nest box a little. We do not mind answering the questions, it’s very much part of the job.

Most of the time when we mention to a customer they should consider monitoring the box their response is “I don’t want to disturb them or scare them away”. If done properly neither of those things will happen. Not only is it interesting and a great nature and biology lesson, you can predict within a day or two when the babies will leave the box. And another reason to monitor is you may actually keep something bad from happening to the babies. I’ve often told customers of the time my son, who I taught to monitor, discovered one of our boxes with four two day old Bluebird babies was infested with ants. In just 48 hours, since the last monitoring, ants had found the newborn babies and were likely going to consume them given enough time.

We carefully removed the babies and placed them in a little box, then removed the entire nest from the box while the female watched from a nearby tree limb. We first cleaned all the ants out of the now empty nestbox and made sure no more would climb the pole. Then we constructed a rather poor replica of the nest using their preferred nest material pine straw. After the nest was back in the box we then removed all the ants from the babies by using a drinking straw to blow the ants off and then placed them back in the box in the clean nest. In all it took us about 20 minutes. The female returned to the box about 10 minutes after we completed the cleaning. Even after removing the nest and handling her babies the female came right back to them because the instinct to raise her young is that powerful. So, monitoring which really just consists of taking a peak for a few seconds will definitely not scare the birds away. Bluebirds tend to be quite tolerant of our presence. Usually they patiently watch as I monitor. Once in a while they will swoop at you clicking their beak in protest. But they will not abandon a nest because of brief looks in the box.

Monitoring Tips

• Observing from a distance is important monitoring, too. Seeing bluebirds come and go is an indication they are showing an interest in choosing the box. If you see the pair on and in the box take a moment after they leave to go look inside. You will likely observe nest building at some point. Pine straw and fine dry grasses are the preferred nest material.

• Bluebirds tend to lay eggs in the morning hours. The female will lay one per day until done, usually between three and six. Four and five eggs seem to be the most common numbers. She will not begin incubating until all the eggs are laid. So, at this stage I would recommend monitoring in the afternoon so as not to disturb egg laying in the morning. Or, again, if you see the female exit the box take a moment to go look. Take notes. It’s helpful to increasing your knowledge of the process.

• When I monitor and see 4 eggs and she is not incubating yet that tells me she has probably one egg to go. I will make note of the date because we know Bluebirds incubate for 12-14 days and then should see babies.

• Once I am certain she is incubating I do more monitoring from a distance. If you see the female exit the box and fly off that’s a perfect time to approach and take a look. Be gentle and quiet. I like a box that has a door that opens down as opposed to up. It is so much easier to monitor in a subtle way. I also take pictures to share with people.

View fullsize

Eggs laid before incubation.

View fullsize

Fledglings days after hatching.

View fullsize

Fledglings about a week after hatching.

• Now the babies have hatched and I’ve noted the date because we know the babies will take about 14 days to develop and be ready to leave the box. This is known as the fledgling period.

• I will monitor daily until by my calculations tell me there are just 2 or 3 days to go until they fledge. At this stage of their development the babies may be fearful enough to want to get out of the box if you open it. I monitor from a distance watching the parents as they make repeated trips with food to satisfy all those appetites.

• Hopefully, the calculations are right and you may get a chance to see babies fledge. You will see more animated behavior from the parents as the first and second babies are about to come out for their first flight. Do not be alarmed if all the babies don’t fledge at the same time. It may take several hours for all to fledge.

For more information about Bluebirds and monitoring please visit the National Bluebird Society website. http://www.nabluebirdsociety.org/bluebirdfacts.htm

Wood Thrush Notes

It’s mid-April, and you are outside soaking in one of the nicest days of the young year. You bend over to pick up a stick that was blown down in the previous night's thunderstorm, and as you stand back up there it is. The whirring buzz, the flash of iridescence, and the unmistakable chattering call that signifies the first hummingbird of the year. You race inside, mix up a gallon or two of nectar, put out all your feeders, and sit back and watch. And wait. And wait…

During May, June, and the first half of July the only thing we hear as often as “they are eating me out of house and home!” is “where are the hummingbirds?”. They are already here, however, they did not travel thousands of miles just to sip sugar water. The hummingbirds come all this way to breed and raise their young. While you may see a few birds hitting your feeder early on, these birds do not rely on our feeders, and may continue on as far north as Canada!

However, now is the time to start getting your feeders ready as we enter the middle of July. Make sure your nectar is fresh and your feeders are clean, and remember, in this heat the nectar will spoil in as few as two to three days. Aside from being unsanitary, the hummingbirds will not stop at a feeder if the nectar has gone rancid. August and September are invariably the busiest months of the year for hummingbird feeding due to northern birds migrating south, and the birds that nested here fattening up for their long migration back to Central America. So, if you have been wondering where your hummingbirds are, you aren’t alone, but fear not. You haven’t missed out. The best feeder activity is yet to come!

---

If you have driven down Belle Meade Blvd. this year, you may have noticed a number of bluebird boxes in the median area. The city of Belle Meade approached us about the possibility of installing the boxes to help bluebirds nest, and they have been a resounding success. To date, close to 40 juvenile bluebirds have left our boxes. This is an excellent case in point that the eastern bluebird is very adaptive and not necessarily up to date with the current literature about what they “require”. In addition to the Blvd. Boxes, we set up a box in the service alley behind the store and within a couple weeks, a nest with three eggs was inside. So far, in spite of the heat and the lackluster location, the juvenile birds are healthy and just a few days away from fledging. Though it is getting late in the season, there is still time to attract bluebirds as they will nest up to three times in a season, so make sure that your boxes are clean and ready to become a home!

While many of our most familiar backyard birds are near the end, or have already concluded, their breeding season, the American Goldfinch is just beginning. Many of you have already seen a reduction in goldfinch numbers at your feeders as they begin to move away from feeders toward nesting areas. Goldfinches typically nest in June and July when certain nest materials, and more of their food sources, become available.

The goldfinch’s main natural habitats are weedy fields and floodplains, where plants such as thistles and asters are common. So, if you live close to one of these types of areas you may continue to see good numbers of goldfinches at your feeders. If you live in a more forested area you will likely see far less goldfinches until they finish nesting. So, don’t be concerned that something has happened to “your” goldfinches or you’ve done something wrong. They are simply transitioning into their nesting phase and will return to feeders in due time.

Female Goldfinch gathering nest material

The male and female locate a suitable nest site together. Nests are often near water. At Hidden Lakes Park on McCrory Ln, which borders the Harpeth River, goldfinch nests are common to see.

The male may bring nest materials but the female builds the nest, usually in a shrub or sapling in a fairly open setting rather than in forest interior. The nest is often built high in a shrub, where two or three vertical branches join; usually shaded by clusters of leaves from above, but often open and visible from below.

The nest is an open cup of rootlets and plant fibers lined with plant down, woven so tightly that it can hold water. The female bonds the foundation to supporting branches using spider silk, and makes a downy lining often using the fluffy “pappus” material taken from the same types of seedheads that goldfinches feed on. It takes the female about 6 days to build the nest. The finished nest is about 3 inches across on the outside and 2-4.5 inches high.

The female incubates about 95% of the time and takes 10-12 days. The male brings food to the female while she incubates. The young leave the nest after 11-17 days. Both sexes tend to the young and are fed a regurgitated milky seed pulp. Insects are rarely part of their diet.

Goldfinches are monogamous per year but commonly change mates between years.